Yesterday I attended the Student Innovator of the Year (SIOY) kick off event. Two groups of students gave seven-minute pitches on products they were developing and planned to enter into the SIOY competition.
The first group presented a product that was more or less a prosthetic leg for foot and leg injuries.
Here is an analysis of the "prosthetic locomotion" industry based on their presentation and outside research.
Threat of New Entrants
There are few patent barriers for new entrants in the prosthetic locomotion industry. There are new emerging alternatives to crutches i.e. the leg caddy and it's many variations, and the iwalkfree "hands-free" crutches. Because there are many new entrants in the prosthetic locomotion industry I believe the threat of more new entrants is great.
Bargaining power of Suppliers
Suppliers don't have a lot of power because there are surprisingly a large amount of prosthetic leg and foot suppliers (more than 40, well established online suppliers). The patent for the flex foot has expired and there are many companies who manufacture prosthetic legs and feet.
Bargaining power of buyers
In the presentation, the inventors mentioned that orthopedic surgeons would be the ones who prescribed the prosthetic foot to users. Since orthopedic surgeons have a variety of options and don't bare much of the costs of buying the product, they are in a powerful position. Insurance companies are also in a powerful position considering the product will have a hard time being sold if insurance companies do not help cover the cost. The inventors need to convince both surgeons and insurance companies that their product is worth while.
Threat of Substitutes
This is definitely the largest barrier for the prosthetic leg invention. Although users find them very inconvenient and uncomfortable to use, crutches are certainly the cheapest alternative. Some patients complain that a leg caddy is difficult to use on steep inclines and hard to store in a car. However, these inconveniences are outweighed by the convenience in comparison to crutches and the fact that most insurance companies now help cover the cost of leg caddies. In addition some customers still prefer a leg brace over these other alternatives. The point is, there are many substitutes for the prosthetic leg invention the students presented.
Competitive Rivalry
A product very similar to the prosthetic leg invention was recently developed and released in Canada called the "i-walk free". The iwalkfree uses virtually the same technology as the prosthetic leg invention but has a peg leg attached to the bottom instead of a flexfoot. This product seems inferior to the prosthetic leg invention because the peg is not much better than a crutch. The iwalkfree is not a strong rival.
Summary
In Summary, I believe the prosthetic locomotion industry is not an attractive industry at this time primarily because of the few barriers to entrance and the many substitute products.